Five Capabilities Shaping the Next Generation of AI
July 2025
Artificial intelligence is edging toward a phase transition. The last decade showed that scale, data, and gradient descent can push a single frozen model impressively far; but also that a frozen model has, by definition, finished learning. The systems that will matter most over the next decade will be living systems: models that keep studying new material, decide what is worth remembering, negotiate multi-step goals, invent fresh problems when the old ones run out, and certify their own behaviour. We're on the cusp of a new paradigm, one defined by systems that are dynamic, trustworthy, perpetually learning, and more deeply integrated into the messy, ever-changing fabric of the real world.